{"id":4310,"date":"2023-07-18T06:29:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T06:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/?p=4310"},"modified":"2023-07-18T06:29:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T06:29:26","slug":"la-iiie-republique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/?p=4310","title":{"rendered":"La IIIe R\u00e9publique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- <strong>Les d\u00e9buts difficiles de la R\u00e9publique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_S1iWRWhcvc\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>Une \u00e9mission propos\u00e9e par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCh5JF-qt2ZXg8acejcJ15Xw\">Karambolage en fran\u00e7ais \u2013 ARTE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00eame tr\u00e8s br\u00e8ve (mars-mai 1871), l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de la Commune a marqu\u00e9 la France par l\u2019audace des r\u00e9formes propos\u00e9es : des libert\u00e9s tr\u00e8s larges, des \u00e9lections tr\u00e8s pouss\u00e9es, une tr\u00e8s grande autonomie des localit\u00e9s, des r\u00e9formes sociales tr\u00e8s ambitieuses. Mais l\u2019\u00e9pisode a \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9 le pays car c\u2019\u00e9tait une guerre civile destructrice (\u00e0 Paris) et meurtri\u00e8re, avec une r\u00e9pression impitoyable des Communards par les Versaillais.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- <strong>Le r\u00e9gime r\u00e9publicain s\u2019installe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/organigramme_3e_rep-704x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/organigramme_3e_rep-704x1024.png 704w, https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/organigramme_3e_rep-206x300.png 206w, https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/organigramme_3e_rep.png 747w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Apr\u00e8s 1875, les royalistes sont divis\u00e9s et les r\u00e9publicains remportent les \u00e9lections. La Constitution est vot\u00e9e et la IIIe R\u00e9publique d\u00e9finitivement fond\u00e9e. Le 14 juillet devient la f\u00eate nationale, la Marseillaise est proclam\u00e9e hymne national, et les statues de Marianne ornent les mairies et les places publiques.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/France_Chambre_des_deputes_1871.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/France_Chambre_des_deputes_1871.png\"><\/a><br>Par I, <a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:Alankazame\">@lankazame<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=2908602\">Lien<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e9publicains installent une d\u00e9mocratie en France. Les principales libert\u00e9s sont r\u00e9tablies (libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, de r\u00e9union) et m\u00eame \u00e9largies (libert\u00e9 syndicale&nbsp;: 1884).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gr\u00e2ce aux lois de Jules Ferry (1881-1882), l\u2019enseignement primaire devient obligatoire. Il est rendu gratuit et la\u00efque dans les \u00e9coles publiques (pas d\u2019enseignement religieux). L\u2019\u00e9cole permet le renforcement du sentiment r\u00e9publicain de la population.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3- <strong>L\u2019enracinement de la R\u00e9publique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/France_Chambre_des_deputes_1902.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/France_Chambre_des_deputes_1902.png\"><\/a><br>Par @lanakazame \u2014 conseil constitutionnel, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=2908620\">Lien<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e9publicains progressent \u00e0 chaque \u00e9lection. La R\u00e9publique s\u2019enracine dans l\u2019esprit des Fran\u00e7ais.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OMvo2PX4_l0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>Une \u00e9mission propos\u00e9e par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCh5JF-qt2ZXg8acejcJ15Xw\">Karambolage en fran\u00e7ais \u2013 ARTE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019affaire Dreyfus divise la France entre dreyfusards (r\u00e9publicains) et antidreyfusards (royalistes, nationalistes). A la suite de l\u2019affaire, les r\u00e9publicains radicaux remportent les \u00e9lections et renforcent la R\u00e9publique en prenant des mesures politiques et sociales \u00e9nergiques.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a0\/Le_Rire_-_S%C3%A9paration_de_l%27Eglise_et_de_l%27Etat.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a0\/Le_Rire_-_S%C3%A9paration_de_l%27Eglise_et_de_l%27Etat.jpg\"><\/a><br>Par <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/fr:Charles_L%C3%A9andre\">Charles L\u00e9andre<\/a> \u2014 Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France, Domaine public, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=1693611\">Lien<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Caricature parue dans <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Rire\">Le Rire<\/a><\/em>, 20 mai 1905. L\u2019homme au milieu est <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Baptiste_Bienvenu-Martin\">Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin<\/a>, ministre de l\u2019Instruction publique du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gouvernement_Maurice_Rouvier_(2)\">cabinet Rouvier<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La loi de 1905 dispose que d\u00e9sormais les membres du clerg\u00e9 ne sont plus pay\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00c9tat, qui ne s\u2019occupe plus de nommer les \u00e9v\u00eaques. Les r\u00e9publicains radicaux et anticl\u00e9ricaux ont fait voter cette loi, car ils consid\u00e9raient que la libert\u00e9 de croyance devait \u00eatre respect\u00e9e, mais que l\u2019\u00c9tat devait \u00eatre neutre vis-\u00e0-vis des religions.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Synth\u00e8se sur la IIIe R\u00e9publique pour le cours d&rsquo;Histoire de 4e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4312,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[339,941],"class_list":["post-4310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire","tag-4h3l2","tag-iiie-republique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4310"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4313,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4310\/revisions\/4313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}