{"id":2753,"date":"2026-07-17T13:27:06","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T13:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/?p=2753"},"modified":"2026-07-17T13:34:09","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T13:34:09","slug":"la-societe-dordres-aux-xviie-et-xviiie-siecles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/?p=2753","title":{"rendered":"Repr\u00e9senter la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Comment illustrer de mani\u00e8re efficace la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime \u00e0 nos \u00e9l\u00e8ves ? Si la pyramide des trois ordres offre une vision claire des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques, elle ne suffit pas \u00e0 expliquer les tensions sociales de la fin du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Pour aller plus loin, un second sch\u00e9ma peut r\u00e9v\u00e9ler les mobilit\u00e9s sociales et les blocages qui ont nourri le m\u00e9contentement de la haute bourgeoisie urbaine \u00e0 la veille de la R\u00e9volution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>La pyramide des ordres : une in\u00e9galit\u00e9 flagrante<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime est souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sous la forme d\u2019une pyramide, mettant en lumi\u00e8re la r\u00e9partition d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9e de la population :<br>&#8211; Le clerg\u00e9 (1% de la population)<br>&#8211; La noblesse (2% de la population)<br>&#8211; Le Tiers \u00c9tat (97 % de la population)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1015\" height=\"636\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/soc_ordres.png\" alt=\"sch\u00e9ma de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par ordres sous forme de pyramide\" class=\"wp-image-2754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/soc_ordres.png 1015w, https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/soc_ordres-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/soc_ordres-768x481.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1015px) 100vw, 1015px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Cette illustration permet aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves de visualiser imm\u00e9diatement l\u2019\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 du Tiers \u00c9tat, qui supporte le poids des deux ordres privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s. Elle souligne aussi l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 structurelle de cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Illustrer mobilit\u00e9s et blocages sociaux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, cette pyramide ne montre pas les mobilit\u00e9s sociales qui existaient, bien que limit\u00e9es. Pour compl\u00e9ter cette vision, un second sch\u00e9ma peut \u00eatre propos\u00e9. Celui-ci met en \u00e9vidence :<br>&#8211; Les voies de mobilit\u00e9 : achat de charges (noblesse de robe), mariages strat\u00e9giques, ou lettres de noblesse accord\u00e9es par le roi.<br>&#8211; Les barri\u00e8res sociales : malgr\u00e9 ces possibilit\u00e9s, les fronti\u00e8res entre les ordres restaient extr\u00eamement difficiles \u00e0 franchir, notamment pour la haute bourgeoisie urbaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/H2026_soc_fra_avt_Revo.png\" alt=\"Sch\u00e9ma illustrant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la veille de la R\u00e9volution\" class=\"wp-image-5300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/H2026_soc_fra_avt_Revo.png 804w, https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/H2026_soc_fra_avt_Revo-275x300.png 275w, https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/H2026_soc_fra_avt_Revo-768x839.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Ce sch\u00e9ma permet d\u2019illustrer les blocages sociaux qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 alimenter le sentiment d\u2019injustice chez les bourgeois ais\u00e9s, exclus des privil\u00e8ges malgr\u00e9 leur richesse et leur influence \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Pistes p\u00e9dagogiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comment articuler ces deux repr\u00e9sentations en classe ?<br>&#8211; Activit\u00e9 1 : Comparer les deux sch\u00e9mas et demander aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves d\u2019identifier les forces et les limites de chaque repr\u00e9sentation.<br>&#8211; Activit\u00e9 2 : Organiser un d\u00e9bat sur les raisons pour lesquelles la haute bourgeoisie, malgr\u00e9 sa prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, pouvait se sentir l\u00e9s\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>n combinant ces deux approches visuelles, nous offrons \u00e0 nos \u00e9l\u00e8ves une compr\u00e9hension plus nuanc\u00e9e de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime, tout en les aidant \u00e0 saisir les origines des tensions qui ont men\u00e9 \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comment illustrer de mani\u00e8re efficace la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime \u00e0 nos \u00e9l\u00e8ves ? Si la pyramide des trois ordres offre une vision claire des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques, elle ne suffit pas \u00e0 expliquer&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[336,337,1078,196,658,254,657,647],"class_list":["post-2753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire","tag-4h1l2","tag-4h1l3","tag-barriere","tag-mobilite","tag-ordres","tag-societe","tag-xviie","tag-xviiie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2753"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5301,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2753\/revisions\/5301"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hgsempai.fr\/atelier\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}